Surrealism

 Surrealism movement began in 1926 and lasted till 1966 and it was introduced in France. Surrealism was influenced from the Dada movement as it was in the same rebellious state against the middle-class complacency. The Surrealist movement its foundation was a group which came from the Dada movement. Then this group has left the Dada movement the moment when the collapse of Dada happened in Paris. The one who started this movement was the poet and a writer Andre Breton. He founded this movements officially in the 1924 with introduction of the first surrealism ‘Surreal Manifesto’ as he used psychoanalytic methods by Sigmund Freuds. Artists were very fond and influenced from the Surrealism of Freud which in particular when the released the book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1899).

 Breton marked Freud as the ‘Pope’ of Surrealism when he writes the book ‘Surreal Manifesto. The Surrealism the term used was in the 1917 by Guillaume Apollinaire

The point of Surrealism movement is to merge the reality with that of the subconscious in the mind which then created the Surrealist. The firstly artist which was quite influenced by this movement was Giorgio de Chirico which he illustrates quite a bizarre image with unnormal juxtapositions. These illustrations can be seen by different artists which they used in the recent past like for example primitivism, the naïve, or fantastical imagery, such as Gustave Moreau, Arnold Bocklin, Odilon Redon, and Henri Rousseau.

Another artist which was also influenced by Karl Marx and he believed that revelation can be found in everyday in the street. Surrealism influenced also the film industry as it was the first movement to experiment in the cinema as it showed to have more opportunity there comparing it to the theatre to create something unreal. The first film influenced by Surrealism happened in the 1924 Entr’acte, a 22-minute, silent film, which was written Rene Clair and Francis Picabia, and directed by Clair.

Then by the time pass in the movement abstract Expressionism got introduced in 1936 in an exhibition entitled Fantastic Art which was held in the Museaum of Modern Art in New York, Dada, Surrealism, and many other artists from united states. The Surrealists was quite popular with man and their illustrations as they potrayed woman quite often as wild or others.

The Accommodations of Desire (1929)

Artists: Salvador Dalí

This illustration by Dali was painted by Dali in summer after he went to Paris to create his first exhibition.

Harlequin’s Carnival (1924)

Artist: Joan Miro

Mama, Papa is Wounded! (1927)

Artist: Yves Tanguy

Artists which are related

The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity from the series Edgar A. Poe (1882)

Artist: Odilon Redon

Important Artists

1.       André Breton

2.       Hans Arp

3.       Max Ernst

4.       Salvador Dalí

5.       Alberto Giacometti

6.       Joan Miró

7.       Rene Magritte

8.       Man Ray

9.       Yves Tanguy

10.   Leonora Carrington

11.   Pablo Picasso

12.   Meret Oppenheim

13.   Hans Richter

14.   Hans Bellmer

15.   Luis Bunuel

16.   Claude Cahun

17.   André Masson

Influences that Surrealism on nowadays graphic design still lives till now. Surrealism live in Anime, Mangas, Book, films. This movement made a big impact on many things like art, literature, culture and keeps going into politics. Surrealism is still growing and the graphic designers of nowadays get influenced by this movement to create their own styles and share ideas.